Turnover

Turnover (handle) is the foundational volume metric. Multiplied by margin (hold percentage), it produces GGR. A sportsbook with $1B turnover and 7% hold produces $70M GGR. The two factors combine to give revenue, and the trade-off between turnover and margin is part of competitive strategy: lower margins drive higher turnover (more competitive prices attract more wagering), but the revenue arithmetic depends on which factor moves more. For casino, turnover is technically the cumulative wagered amount including wins recycled into further bets. A player who deposits $100, plays through it, wins $80, plays that through, wins $50, and finally cashes out is generating multi-hundred-dollar turnover from $100 of deposit. The relationship between turnover, GGR, and NGR reflects the recycling effect: even modest deposits can generate substantial turnover, with GGR being the net of all wins and losses across that turnover.